如果您曾在英国买过火车票,可能注意到,当乘坐的班次发生延误时,可以根据政府提供的赔偿计划申请一定金额的补偿,金额取决于列车延误的时间。这一原本旨在保障乘客权益的制度,却被两名中国留学生当作牟利工具!
据了解,两人利用了系统漏洞,从中获得十多万英镑赔偿!最终因欺诈罪被判入狱。

诈骗总金额超15万英镑,终被判刑
根据《每日邮报》报道,26岁的刘某和25岁的余某在英国西约克郡利兹同住一间学生公寓。两人同为留学生,来自中国。
他们在校期间意外发现了英国“国家延误赔偿计划(Delay Repay Scheme)” 中的一个系统漏洞,由此策划并实施了一场持续两年的诈骗。
根据英国国家延误赔偿计划,乘客若遇火车延误,可向铁路公司申请赔偿。然而,该系统并不会自动核查乘客是否已经退票。
刘某和余某正是利用了这一漏洞:他们先申请退还车票,假装取消行程;随后,当相同班次的火车延误时,他们再以乘客身份申请延误赔偿,从而骗取双重退款。
为掩盖行踪并扩大收益,在两人合作期间,他们花费心思精心设计操作流程。根据媒体报道,他们提前研究全国范围内常出现晚点的列车服务,提前购票以“锁定目标”;注册了多达16个虚构身份,开设多个银行账户,用于接收非法所得。
警方在调查中发现,他们甚至使用了一部可容纳20张SIM卡的手机适配器,以便同时操控不同号码申请赔偿,使骗局看起来像是来自不同人的合法请求。
该诈骗最初由铁路公司CrossCountry Trains发现,但随后多家铁路运营商也受到影响。经过调查,警方确认两人自2021年起便开始实施此计划,至案发时共非法获利约156,743英镑:其中,刘某获利141,031英镑,余某获利15,712英镑。
英国交通警察最终在利兹将两人逮捕。两人被捕后拒绝评论,但在庭审中均承认“串谋诈骗”和“持有犯罪所得”的罪名。
法庭获悉,刘某此前无犯罪记录,曾在利兹大学攻读一年制课程,此前还申请过伯明翰大学的高级计算机科学专业。余某同样无犯罪前科,当时正在利兹大学修读英语教学课程。
在量刑阶段,刘某的辩护律师贾斯汀·麦克林托克为其求情,称刘某“将终生背负悔恨与羞耻”,并表示“他的性格中有许多积极的面,不应被这次犯罪完全掩盖”。律师还补充,刘某希望服刑后回国与家人团聚。
最终,法官霍华德·克劳森作出判决:刘某因诈骗及相关罪名被判处30个月监禁;余某被判17周监禁。由于余某在审判前已被羁押,其刑期基本等同于服满,几乎没有被减轻。
法官在宣判时指出:“你们发现了系统中的漏洞,却选择了滥用它。这不仅涉及伪造身份,还包括复杂的技术手段与多重账户操作,以掩盖你们是欺诈的幕后主使。”

丽莎评论
根据媒体公开的资料,我们可以判断两位留学生所涉及的罪名。根据英国《2006年欺诈法案》(Fraud Act 2006),刘某和余某触犯了欺诈罪(Fraud by False Representation)。该罪名指个人通过虚假陈述(false representation)以获取经济利益或使他人蒙受损失。在本案中,刘某和余某明知自己已申请退票,却再次假装为合法乘客申请“延误赔偿”,构成了虚假陈述以骗取金钱的行为。
此外,根据《2002年犯罪所得法》(Proceeds of Crime Act 2002),两人还触犯了持有犯罪所得罪(Possession of Criminal Property)。该罪名是指明知或怀疑财产来源于犯罪活动,却仍然持有、使用或转移该财产。在本案中,两人将骗取的钱款存入多个账户,并利用虚假身份掩盖来源,这正属于持有犯罪所得的情形。
案件中还存在串谋诈骗(Conspiracy to Defraud)的成分,即两人或多人通过不诚实手段达成协议,意图剥夺他人合法权益,无论是其现有的、应得的或可能获得的权益,抑或损害其财产权益。根据普通法原则(Common Law Offence),这是严重的刑事罪行,通常会判处监禁——最高可判处十年有期徒刑;罚金无上限。

根据英格兰和威尔士相关法律,欺诈罪的最高刑期可达10年监禁。在审判过程中,法院通常会综合考虑以下因素来做决定:
- 欺诈金额(本案高达15万英镑以上);
- 犯罪持续时间(约两年);
- 犯罪手段的复杂程度(多账户、多身份、技术掩盖);
- 是否具有悔意与认罪态度;
- 是否为初犯。
本案对公众尤其是留学生群体具有警示意义。不要以为在英国利用系统漏洞骗取钱财只是“小聪明”,事实上,这属于刑事欺诈。首先,英国对金融与交通系统中的欺诈行为实行“零容忍”政策。英国的火车票、学生贷款、税务及福利系统均设有严格的后台审查机制,即使是几次小额诈骗,也会被视为刑事犯罪。
此外,一旦被定罪,个人的犯罪记录将永久留存,并会严重影响签证续签、移民申请及求职背景调查(尤其是在金融、教育或公务等领域)。英国的犯罪记录系统与国际司法体系互通,这意味着,即使回国后,个人仍可能因该记录而受到影响。
对于在英留学生而言,若因经济压力或贪图便利而铤而走险,最终可能面临的不仅是学业中断和前途尽毁,更可能失去自由。英国法律环境严肃,任何试图利用系统漏洞的行为都将受到严厉追究。
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								![Gold coin Stack On the table save money Taking care of money - Lisa's Law Solicitors Two recent immigration tribunal decisions have highlighted important points of principle in UK immigration law: the requirement for procedural fairness in decision-making and the legal distinction between a grant of leave and the administrative issuance of a Biometric Residence Permit (BRP).
Both cases demonstrate the need for applicants and their representatives to be vigilant in challenging decisions where the Home Office may have acted outside established legal boundaries.
Namecard for article - Angel Wan in English
Procedural Fairness in Hong Kong BN(O) Applications
In R (KW) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, JR-2024-LON-002169, the Upper Tribunal considered a refusal under the Hong Kong British National (Overseas) route. The applicant, a Chinese national from Hong Kong, had been refused on the basis of a previous conviction. The Home Office gave decisive weight to a Hong Kong Court of Appeal judgment it had located independently online, without putting this material to the applicant for comment.
The Tribunal found this to be a clear breach of procedural fairness, observing that the applicant had effectively been “ambushed” by evidence not disclosed to them.
While the Court of Appeal’s decision in Balajigari v Home Secretary [2019] EWCA Civ 673 was not directly applicable, it was considered a useful authority on fairness in immigration decision-making. The refusal was therefore quashed, and the case must now be reconsidered by the Home Office.
This judgment reinforces that applicants must be given an opportunity to respond to any evidence relied upon by decision-makers. Failure to do so will amount to procedural unfairness, providing strong grounds for judicial review.
The Legal Status of Biometric Residence Permits
The second case, Guerrero (s104(4A); statutory abandonment; right of appeal) [2025] UKUT 00276 (IAC), concerned an asylum seeker who received a refusal decision but was subsequently issued with a BRP stating “Refugee leave to remain.”
The First-tier Tribunal initially ruled that the BRP constituted a grant of leave, thereby treating the pending asylum appeal as abandoned under section 104(4A) of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.
On appeal, the Upper Tribunal clarified the legal position. A BRP does not in itself grant leave to remain, it is an administrative document that evidences an earlier grant of leave.
Where a BRP is issued in error, no grant of leave arises, and an appeal cannot be deemed abandoned.
The Tribunal also confirmed that decisions to treat appeals as abandoned under section 104(4A) are not “excluded decisions,” and therefore fall within the Upper Tribunal’s jurisdiction to review.
The First-tier Tribunal’s decision was set aside, and the case will be re-heard.
This decision underscores the importance of distinguishing between the substantive grant of leave and the administrative issuance of a BRP. Mistaken issuance of documents cannot override statutory rights of appeal.
Conclusion
Both cases serve as reminders of the importance of legal safeguards in the immigration system when it comes to immigration tribunal decisions. The KW case highlights that applicants must be given a fair opportunity to respond to evidence before adverse decisions are made. The Guerrero case confirms that a BRP is not determinative of immigration status and cannot substitute for an actual grant of leave.
These judgments illustrate the value of expert legal representation in holding the Home Office to account where decision-making falls short of the standards required by law.](https://lisaslaw.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/AdobeStock_284883829-scaled.jpeg) 
								