The Family Justice Council (FCJ) has recently issued long-awaited guidance on the subject of covert recordings in family law proceedings. Family court cases, particularly those involving children, can often be highly emotional, and recording conversations to support your side of the story may feel like a practical way of supporting your argument. However, this can come with a number of risks attached.
And in a world where mobile phones enable litigants to record video and audio without the knowledge of others around them, it has become a necessity for clearer advice to be issued.
Let’s take a look at the guidance recently issued by the FCJ on the topic of covert recordings.
What is classed as a covert recording?
When recording someone, you might assume they are of it. However, a covert recording is classed as any recording which is made without the knowledge, or permission of someone else. They could be a professional, adult, or a child. This also includes both audio and video recordings.
There is no guarantee that a covert recording will help your case, and it could be considered an invasion of privacy or harassment. It is also a contempt of court and/or a criminal offence to record court proceedings, including remote hearings.
How will the court decide whether the covert recording can be used in evidence?
There are a number of considerations that the court must take into account when deciding whether a covert recording can be used.
They will therefore consider the following questions:
- Why was the recording made?
- Who was recorded and when?
- Was the recording edited in any way?
- Is it the whole recording, and if not, is the whole recording available?
- Does it help the court understand something important—especially about the child’s welfare?
It is important to note that placing a recording device on a child may always be considered wrong, regardless of whether or not they know it is there. The court may however not look quite as harshly on recordings of a parent or professional.
Guidance on Submitting Covert Recordings as Evidence
Our family law solicitor advises the following when considering submitting covert recordings as evidence:
Covert recordings require the court’s permission to be admitted as evidence. Their use is subject to strict scrutiny, and courts generally discourage reliance on such recordings—particularly in cases involving children. If you still wish to submit a covert recording, please carefully consider the following:
1. At an early stage of the case, you must clearly explain the background and circumstances of the recording. If you intend to rely on the recording, you should seek the court’s permission by filing a Form C2 application, which must set out:
• The time, location, and individuals involved in the recording
• Whether the recording is complete and unedited; if any editing has been made, the reasons for doing so
• Whether any children are involved, and whether the recording contains leading questions or language intended to elicit favourable responses
Important: You must not submit only selective excerpts that support your case. The court will usually require all relevant recordings to be disclosed to ensure the material is not taken out of context.
2. Be prepared to bear the associated costs and legal responsibilities:
• The court may require a full transcript of the recording, which will be at your expense
• If the authenticity or reliability of the recording is challenged, the court may direct an independent forensic expert to carry out a technical assessment
Warning: Depending on the circumstances, the court may consider covert recordings to constitute abusive behaviour, which could adversely affect your position in the proceedings.
3. Relevance to the case, particularly to the welfare of the child
The content of the recording must be directly relevant to the key issues in the case—especially matters concerning the welfare of the child. If a recording is submitted merely to embarrass or discredit the other party, the court is unlikely to attach weight to it.
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